The technological evolution in flood risk estimation

The advancement of technology has transformed flood risk estimation from rudimentary manual calculations to sophisticated computer-based models. This research traces the evolution of flood risk assessment methods, comparing the analog approaches of the 1970s with modern digital tools. In the past, engineers relied on basic hydrological formulas, manual data collection, and physical models to estimate flood risks, often resulting in limited accuracy. Today, modern and even freely available software like HEC-RAS, digital elevation models, telemetric hydrometeorological stations, and satellite imagery have revolutionized the field, providing highly detailed and precise flood hazard maps. In this research, we have used Pikrodafni river in the Attica region as a case study to showcase the impact of technological advancements on flood risk management, emphasizing how digital tools enable better mitigation strategies and contribute to urban resilience against flood hazards.