The relationship between atmospheric temperature and carbon dioxide concentration

Human-produced CO₂ by fossil fuel combustion, combined with the rising atmospheric CO₂ concentration and the observed temperature increase, enabled a compelling narrative to be constructed, in which these three facts, in that order, formed a chain of causality. The narrative was embraced by global political elites to promote their interests and became dominant in public perception. My recent work has challenged the alleged causal relationships that form the narrative. A stochastic method for detecting causality showed that temperature change can potentially cause changes in CO₂ concentration, but not vice versa. Temperature increase causes biosphere to expand and, in turn, produce more naturally emitted CO₂, which accounts for 96% of total emissions. All relevant data sets confirm these findings. In particular, instrumental and proxy data support the natural origin of the change in the isotopic composition of atmospheric CO₂, and century-long longwave radiation data show no discernible effect of increased CO₂ concentration on the greenhouse effect.